Knowledge, Prevention Practices, and Complications of Rh-Negative Blood Group (Rh-) Among Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of Nigeria, the United States, and India

This comparative study examines the level of knowledge, preventive practices, and pregnancy-related complications associated with the Rh-negative (Rh−) blood group among pregnant women in Nigeria, the United States, and India. The research explores awareness of Rh incompatibility, utilization of preventive interventions such as anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis, antenatal screening practices, and the prevalence of complications including hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

By comparing three countries with different healthcare systems, socioeconomic contexts, and maternal health policies, the study identifies disparities in access to prevention, gaps in maternal health education, and variations in clinical outcomes among Rh-negative pregnant women. The findings provide evidence-based insights for improving antenatal care protocols, strengthening health education programs, and guiding policy reforms aimed at reducing preventable Rh-related complications and improving maternal–fetal outcomes globally.